How to Grow Sweet Potatoes
1 . choosing Seeds
Sweet potato plant propagation techniques are often practiced is by stem cuttings or shoot cuttings . Plant material ( seeds ) in the form of shoot cuttings or stem cuttings must meet the following requirements :
• Seedlings derived from varieties or clones .
• Plant material aged 2 months or more .
• The growth of the plants to be taken steknya in good health , normal , not too fertile .
• The length of stem cuttings or cuttings of shoots between 20-25 cm , meeting his knuckles and his books are not rooted .
• Experiencing the storage period in the shade for 1-7 days .
Plant material ( cuttings ) can be derived from plants and production of potato shoots that specifically sowing or through penunasan process . Propagation of plants by cuttings or stem cuttings continuously shoots have a tendency to decrease in yield subsequent generations . Therefore , after 3-5 generations of propagation must be renewed or menunaskan by planting bulbs for propagation material .
Seed preparation
• Choose a sweet potato plant that has been aged 2 months or more , healthy and normal growth conditions .
• Cut the stem of the plant to be used as cuttings or stem cuttings 20-25 cm long shoots by using a sharp knife , and done in the morning .
• Collect cuttings in a place, then dispose of most of its leaves to reduce excessive evaporation .
• Tie the plant material ( seeds ) average of 100 cuttings / bonding , and then save it in the shade for 1-7 days with no overlap .
2 . Media Processing Plant
Preparation
Preparing land for sweet potato should be done when the soil is not too wet or too dry so that the structure is not damaged , sticky , or hard . Land preparation can be done in the following way :
• Soil processed first until crumbly , then allowed for ± 1 weeks . The next stage , mound - shaped soil mounds .
• Soil bersamaaan processed directly by making mounds - mounds .
The pile formation
If the land to be planted with sweet potatoes are then ground rice straw is first cleared , then made a pile of 60-100 cm wide . If the soil is dry land then used beds are made with a distance of 1 meter . If planting is done on sloping lands , then the raining season seedbed should be made in accordance with the longitudinal tilt ground . Guludan size adjusted to the ground state . On light soils ( sand containing clay ) size of the mounds is below ± 60 cm width , height 30-40 cm , and 70-100 cm spacing between ridges . In the sandy soil mound size is below ± 40 cm width , height 25-30 cm , and 70-100 cm spacing between ridges . Longitudinal direction of the mounds should be north - south , and the length of the mounds in tune with the land . Sweet potato area can be either dry land or former rice paddy soil .
Land preparation for planting sweet potatoes as follows :
a) Land Preparation moor
• Clean the area of weeds ( weeds )
• Prepared the ground with a hoe or plow until crumbly sinking weeds
• Let the soil dry for at least 1 week
• Create a mound - mound with a width less than 60 cm , height 30-40 cm , 70-100 cm spacing between the mounds , and the mounds long tune with the land
• Tidy up the mounds while improving waterways between mounds .
b ) Preparation Used Wetland Rice
• Tripe limited hay ground
• Stack the hay into small piles regularly extends within 1 meter between the stack
• Sports ground outside a haystack field with a hoe or plow , then piled it on the ground in a haystack while forming mound - mound width below ± 60 cm , height 35 cm , and 70-100 cm spacing between ridges. Length of tune with the land
• Tidy up the mounds while improving waterways between mounds . Making ridges on a pile of hay or crop residues can increase soil organic matter that affects both the structure and fertility of the soil so that the potatoes can grow well and potato skin surface flat . Weakness is the use of straw sweet potato plant growth in the first few yellowed , but soon recovered and grew normally in the next month . When not used as a pile of hay mounds , governance, land preparation is done as follows :
- Tripe limited hay ground
- Get rid of the straw to another place to be used as compost
- Sports soil with a hoe or plow until crumbly
- Let the soil dry for at least one week
- Create a mound - sized gululdan under ± 60 cm wide , 35 cm high and 80-100 cm spacing between ridges .
- Simplify the mounds while improving waterways between mounds .
It is important in the manufacture of high mound is size not exceeding 40 cm . Mounds that are too high tend to cause the formation of long -sized potatoes and in so as troublesome at harvest time . In contrast , the mounds are too shallow can cause disruption of the growth or development of the potato , and facilitate pest Boleng or black shank by Cylas sp .
3 .Cultivation
Determination of Planting Pattern
Sweet potato cropping systems can be either single ( monoculture ) and intercropped with peanuts .
a) System Monoculture
1 ) Make - bolt bolt shallow longitudinal direction along the summit ridges with a hoe as deep as 10 cm , or make a hole with the drill , the distance between holes 25-30 cm .
2 ) Create a bolt or drill holes as far as 7-10 cm on the left and right of the planting hole to place fertilizer .
3 ) Plant the seed yams into a hole or bolt up to angkal stems ( cuttings ) 1/2-2/3 piece of land goes down , then condense the soil near the base of the cuttings ( seed ) .
4 ) Enter basic fertilizers such as urea third section throughout the TSP plus KCl plus 1/3 part of the recommended dose or bolt into the hole , then covered with a thin layer of soil . The recommended fertilizer dose is 45-90 kg N / ha ( 100-200 kg urea / ha ) plus 25 kg P2O5 per ha ( 50 kg TSP / ha ) plus 50 kg K2O/ha ( 100 kg KCl / ha ) . At the time of planting is given 34-67 kg urea plus TSP 50 kg plus KCl 34 kg per hectare . Sweet potato crop is very responsive to fertilizer N ( urea ) and K ( KCl ) .
b ) Overlapping Systems Sari
Intercropping systems among other objectives to increase production and income per unit land area . Type of matching plants intercropped with sweet potato is peanuts . Planting procedures for intercropping systems are the same with monoculture system , just in between the rows of plants on the side of sweet potato or peanuts planted mounds . Sweet potato plant spacing of 100 cm x 25-30 cm , and peanuts spacing 30 x 10 cm .
Planting Method
Seeds that have been brought to the garden supplied and placed on the beds . Seeds buried approximately 2/3 parts then backfilled with soil and then watered . Seedlings should be planted horizontally , and all shoots were directed to the majors . In one plot planted one rod , part of the stem that is sticking leaves on the beds . In each of 2 rows of beds planted with a distance of approximately 30 cm . For an area of 1 ha takes approximately 36,000 seedling stem cuttings . Sweet potato planting in dry land is usually done at the beginning of the rainy season (October ) , or the beginning of the dry season (March ) when normal weather conditions . Dilahan rice fields , planting the most appropriate time is immediately after rice or rice rendengan gadu , ie at the beginning of the dry season .
4 . Maintenance of Plant
Thinning and Stitching
During the three (3 ) weeks after planting , planting sweet potatoes should be observed continuously , especially seedlings are dead or grow abnormally . Seedlings that die must be embroidered . How to embroider is to unplug the seedlings that died , then replaced with new seedlings , with a third of the base of the cuttings planted under the soil . Replanting should be done in the morning or late afternoon , when the sun is not too hot and the air temperature is not too hot . Seeds ( cuttings ) for replanting previously prepared or planted in the shade .
Weeding
In the cropping system without straw mulching , planting yams land usually overgrown with weeds easily ( weeds ) . Weeds is a competitor of the sweet potato crop , especially in fulfilling the need for water , nutrients , and light matahaari . Therefore , weeds must be weeded . Jointly carried out weeding activities pembumbunan , the loose soil mound , then ditimbunkan on the mound .
Weeding and soil pembubunan usually performed at the age of 1 month after planting , then repeated 2 months after planting . Weeding and pembumbunan ordinance includes the following stages :
- Clean up weeds ( weeds ) with kored or hoe carefully so as not to damage the roots of the sweet potato crop .
- Gemburkan mound soil around the mound by cutting the slope , then lowered into the canal land between ridges .
- Timbunkan returning land to its original mound , and then do the watering until the soil is wet .
Fertilization
Nutrients are carried or transported at the time of harvest sweet potato is high enough , which is composed of 70 kg N ( ± 156 kg urea ) , 20 kg P2O5 ( ± 42 kg TSP ) , and 110 kg K2O ( ± 220 kg KCl ) per hectare on rate of 15 tons of potatoes soggy . Fertilization aimed replace nutrients transported during harvest , increase soil fertility , and provide nutrients for plants . Proper dose of fertilizer should be based on the analysis of soil or plants in the local area . The recommended dose of fertilizer in general is 45 - 90kg N / ha ( 100-200 kg urea / ha ) plus 25 kg P2O5 per ha ( ± 50 kg TSP / ha ) plus 50 kg K2O / ha ( ± 100 kg KCl / ha ) . Fertilization can be done with a bolt system ( groove ) and drill system . Fertilization with bolt system originally created the array ( grooves ) along the ridges small extent from plant stems 7-10 cm , 5-7 cm deep , then spread the fertilizer evenly into the bolt while covered with earth .
Irrigation and Watering
Although the sweet potato plants resistant to drought , the early phase of growth requires adequate soil water availability . After planting , the soil or place mounds of sweet potato crop should be irrigated , for 15-30 minutes until the soil is wet , and the water flowed throughout the exile . Next irrigation is needed continuously until the sweet potato plants aged 1-2 months . In the period of the formation and development of the potato , which is the age of 2-3 weeks before harvest , irrigation is reduced or stopped . The best watering time is in the morning or evening . Water sources in the area are adequate , continuous irrigation can be done once a week . It is important to be considered in irrigation activities is to avoid that the soil is not too wet ( water from ) .
PEST AND DISEASE
1 . Sweet Potato Stem Borer
Stadium pests that damage crops are sweet potato larvae ( caterpillars ) . Character is making a small hole elongated ( matches ) in the trunk up to the potatoes . Inside the hole can be found larvae ( caterpillars ) . Symptoms : swelling of stems , some brittle stems , the leaves wither , and eventually the branches of the plant will die . Control : ( 1 ) crop rotation to break pest cycles or cycles , (2 ) observations on the stage of life of young plants against pest attack symptoms : when pests > 5 % , is necessary to control chemically , (3 ) cutting and destruction of plant parts heavily infected ; ( 4 ) spraying insecticides and sangkil mangkus , such Curacron Matador 500 EC or 25 with the recommended concentration .
2 . Boleng pests or Lanas
The adult insect pest ( Cylas formicarius Fabr . ) In the form of a small beetle wing and blue muzzle , but toraknya red . Adult female beetles living on the leaf surface while laying eggs in a protected area ( shaded ) . The eggs hatch into larvae ( caterpillars ) , then caterpillars will create a hoist ( small holes ) on the stems or tubers contained in the open ground . Symptoms : There are small holes hoist former dirt -covered by green and foul-smelling . This pest usually attacks plants that are sweet potato berubi . When pests carried by potato into the storehouse, often damaging the potatoes until lowering the quantity and quality of production significantly . Control : ( 1 ) rotation or crop rotation with crops that are not sefamili with sweet potatoes , for example, rice - rice - sweet potato , (2 ) pembumbunan or hoarding mounds which cover yam open , (3 ) the taking and destruction of the potato pests quite heavy , (4 ) observation / monitoring of crop pests in sweet potato periodically : when discovered attack rate > 5 % , immediate chemical pest control measures ; ( 5 ) spraying insecticides and sangkil mangkus , such as Decis 2.5 EC or monitor 200 LC with the recommended concentration , (6 ) the type of planting sweet potato crusted thick and gummy lot , (7 ) harvest is not too late to mitigate the damage is more severe .
3 . Rats ( Rattus rattus sp )
Rat pest usually attacks the sweet potato plants are quite old age or already on the stage of forming tubers . This pest attacks the potato by potato gnaw and eat meat to be irregularly broken . Rat bites lead to infection of the potato and sometimes followed by symptoms of decay potatoes . Control : ( 1 ) system gerepyokan to catch a mouse and instantly killed ; ( 2 ) weeding done my best to not a lot around the rat's nest of sweet potato , (3 ) installation of poisoned bait , such as Ramortal or Klerat .
Disease
1 . Scabies or Scab
Cause : The fungus Elsinoe batatas . Symptoms : a lump in sereta stalk leaf veins , and wrinkled leaves like crackers . Levels of heavy attack causing leaf photosynthesis is not productive in doing so the results do not produce potatoes decreased even at all . Control : ( 1 ) rotation / crop rotation to break the life cycle of the disease , (2 ) planting resistant varieties of sweet potato scab disease , such as power and swept away ; ( 3 ) culture of intensive cultivation techniques , (4 ) the use of plant material ( seeds ) healthy .
2 . fusarium wilt
Cause: The fungus Fusarium oxysporum f . batatas . Symptoms : plants look limp , leaf vein yellowing , wilting , and eventually die . Fusarium fungus can survive in the soil for several years . Disease transmission can occur through land , air , water , and carried by seeds . Control : ( 1 ) the use of healthy seedlings ( disease-free ) , (2 ) rotation / crop rotation matching in an area with plants that are not family , (3 ) planting species or varieties of sweet potatoes that are resistant to Fusarium diseases .
3 . virus
Some types of viruses are found attacking crops are sweet potato Internal Cork , chlorotic Leaf Spot , Yellow Dwarf . Symptoms : stem and leaf growth is not normal , the size of a small plant with a layout leaves clustered at the top , and the color of leaf chlorosis or chartreuse . At the level of the severe attack , sweet potato plants do not produce . Control : ( 1 ) the use of healthy seedlings and virus -free , (2 ) rotation / rotation crop for several years , especially in the base region ( endemic ) virus , (3 ) demolition / eradication of crops to be destroyed .
HARVEST
Characteristics and Harvest
Sweet potato plants can be harvested when the old potato - yam ( physiologically mature ) . Physical characteristics of a mature sweet potato , among others : if the content of the flour is maximum , characterized by a low fiber content and when boiled ( steamed ) tastes good and not watery . Sweet potato harvest timing based on the age of the plant . Type or short-lived sweet potato varieties ( early maturing ) harvested at 3-3.5 months , whereas long-lived varieties ( in ) during 4.5-5 months old . The ideal harvest sweet potatoes began at the age of 3 months , with delays at the latest until the age of 4 months . Harvest more than 4 months of age , in addition to the risk of pest attack Boleng high enough , nor will it give rise in potato results .
How to Harvest
The procedure for harvesting sweet potatoes through the following steps :
- Determine the sweet potato crop was ready for harvest .
- Cut ( Cut ) sweet potato stems by using a machete or a scythe , then removed to the bars outside the plot as he collected .
- Dig up the mounds with a hoe - yam yam unfold .
- Collect and pack sweet potatoes somewhere collecting .
- Clean the tubers from the soil or dirt and roots still attached .
- Make a selection and sorting potatoes by size and small yam separately and potato skin color is uniform . Separate from the intact potato tubers injured or attacked by pests or diseases .
- Put it in a container or burlap sacks , then transport to a shelter ( collection ) results .
Production forecasts
Sweet potato plants are growing well and have no means of pest attack ( by weight ) can produce more than 25 tons of potatoes per hectare wet . Yielding varieties such as Borobudur can produce 25 tons , 28 tons of Prambanan , and Kalasan between 31.2 to 47.5 tonnes per hectare .
Postharvest
Sorting and Classification
Selection or sorting sweet potatoes can actually be done at the time of the revocation takes place . But sorting sweet potatoes can be done after all the trees removed and stored in a place . Sorting is done to choose a colored bulb clean look of the fresh tuber skin and the defect is especially noticeable on the size of the bulb and the black spots / garisgaris the tuber flesh .
Storage
Postharvest handling of sweet potatoes are usually intended to maintain shelf life . Potato storage is best done in sand or ash . Procedures for storage of sweet potato in the sand or ash are as follows :
- Wind -wind newly harvested potatoes in a dry place for 2-3 days story .
- Prepare a special room storage or warehouse , dry , cool , and good air circulation .
- Pile potatoes on the warehouse floor , then piled with dry sand or ash as thick as 20-30 cm until all surfaces are covered potato .
This storage method can maintain the shelf life of potatoes up to 5 months . Sweet potatoes are experiencing storage process will usually result in a sweet potato flavor and delicious when compared with freshly harvested potatoes .
Important thing to do in storage sweet potato sweet potatoes are doing a good election , nothing broken or wounded , and the place ( space ) low temperature storage between 27-30 ° C ( room temperature ) with humidity between 85-90 % .
Sweet potato plant propagation techniques are often practiced is by stem cuttings or shoot cuttings . Plant material ( seeds ) in the form of shoot cuttings or stem cuttings must meet the following requirements :
• Seedlings derived from varieties or clones .
• Plant material aged 2 months or more .
• The growth of the plants to be taken steknya in good health , normal , not too fertile .
• The length of stem cuttings or cuttings of shoots between 20-25 cm , meeting his knuckles and his books are not rooted .
• Experiencing the storage period in the shade for 1-7 days .
Plant material ( cuttings ) can be derived from plants and production of potato shoots that specifically sowing or through penunasan process . Propagation of plants by cuttings or stem cuttings continuously shoots have a tendency to decrease in yield subsequent generations . Therefore , after 3-5 generations of propagation must be renewed or menunaskan by planting bulbs for propagation material .
Seed preparation
• Choose a sweet potato plant that has been aged 2 months or more , healthy and normal growth conditions .
• Cut the stem of the plant to be used as cuttings or stem cuttings 20-25 cm long shoots by using a sharp knife , and done in the morning .
• Collect cuttings in a place, then dispose of most of its leaves to reduce excessive evaporation .
• Tie the plant material ( seeds ) average of 100 cuttings / bonding , and then save it in the shade for 1-7 days with no overlap .
2 . Media Processing Plant
Preparation
Preparing land for sweet potato should be done when the soil is not too wet or too dry so that the structure is not damaged , sticky , or hard . Land preparation can be done in the following way :
• Soil processed first until crumbly , then allowed for ± 1 weeks . The next stage , mound - shaped soil mounds .
• Soil bersamaaan processed directly by making mounds - mounds .
The pile formation
If the land to be planted with sweet potatoes are then ground rice straw is first cleared , then made a pile of 60-100 cm wide . If the soil is dry land then used beds are made with a distance of 1 meter . If planting is done on sloping lands , then the raining season seedbed should be made in accordance with the longitudinal tilt ground . Guludan size adjusted to the ground state . On light soils ( sand containing clay ) size of the mounds is below ± 60 cm width , height 30-40 cm , and 70-100 cm spacing between ridges . In the sandy soil mound size is below ± 40 cm width , height 25-30 cm , and 70-100 cm spacing between ridges . Longitudinal direction of the mounds should be north - south , and the length of the mounds in tune with the land . Sweet potato area can be either dry land or former rice paddy soil .
Land preparation for planting sweet potatoes as follows :
a) Land Preparation moor
• Clean the area of weeds ( weeds )
• Prepared the ground with a hoe or plow until crumbly sinking weeds
• Let the soil dry for at least 1 week
• Create a mound - mound with a width less than 60 cm , height 30-40 cm , 70-100 cm spacing between the mounds , and the mounds long tune with the land
• Tidy up the mounds while improving waterways between mounds .
b ) Preparation Used Wetland Rice
• Tripe limited hay ground
• Stack the hay into small piles regularly extends within 1 meter between the stack
• Sports ground outside a haystack field with a hoe or plow , then piled it on the ground in a haystack while forming mound - mound width below ± 60 cm , height 35 cm , and 70-100 cm spacing between ridges. Length of tune with the land
• Tidy up the mounds while improving waterways between mounds . Making ridges on a pile of hay or crop residues can increase soil organic matter that affects both the structure and fertility of the soil so that the potatoes can grow well and potato skin surface flat . Weakness is the use of straw sweet potato plant growth in the first few yellowed , but soon recovered and grew normally in the next month . When not used as a pile of hay mounds , governance, land preparation is done as follows :
- Tripe limited hay ground
- Get rid of the straw to another place to be used as compost
- Sports soil with a hoe or plow until crumbly
- Let the soil dry for at least one week
- Create a mound - sized gululdan under ± 60 cm wide , 35 cm high and 80-100 cm spacing between ridges .
- Simplify the mounds while improving waterways between mounds .
It is important in the manufacture of high mound is size not exceeding 40 cm . Mounds that are too high tend to cause the formation of long -sized potatoes and in so as troublesome at harvest time . In contrast , the mounds are too shallow can cause disruption of the growth or development of the potato , and facilitate pest Boleng or black shank by Cylas sp .
3 .Cultivation
Determination of Planting Pattern
Sweet potato cropping systems can be either single ( monoculture ) and intercropped with peanuts .
a) System Monoculture
1 ) Make - bolt bolt shallow longitudinal direction along the summit ridges with a hoe as deep as 10 cm , or make a hole with the drill , the distance between holes 25-30 cm .
2 ) Create a bolt or drill holes as far as 7-10 cm on the left and right of the planting hole to place fertilizer .
3 ) Plant the seed yams into a hole or bolt up to angkal stems ( cuttings ) 1/2-2/3 piece of land goes down , then condense the soil near the base of the cuttings ( seed ) .
4 ) Enter basic fertilizers such as urea third section throughout the TSP plus KCl plus 1/3 part of the recommended dose or bolt into the hole , then covered with a thin layer of soil . The recommended fertilizer dose is 45-90 kg N / ha ( 100-200 kg urea / ha ) plus 25 kg P2O5 per ha ( 50 kg TSP / ha ) plus 50 kg K2O/ha ( 100 kg KCl / ha ) . At the time of planting is given 34-67 kg urea plus TSP 50 kg plus KCl 34 kg per hectare . Sweet potato crop is very responsive to fertilizer N ( urea ) and K ( KCl ) .
b ) Overlapping Systems Sari
Intercropping systems among other objectives to increase production and income per unit land area . Type of matching plants intercropped with sweet potato is peanuts . Planting procedures for intercropping systems are the same with monoculture system , just in between the rows of plants on the side of sweet potato or peanuts planted mounds . Sweet potato plant spacing of 100 cm x 25-30 cm , and peanuts spacing 30 x 10 cm .
Planting Method
Seeds that have been brought to the garden supplied and placed on the beds . Seeds buried approximately 2/3 parts then backfilled with soil and then watered . Seedlings should be planted horizontally , and all shoots were directed to the majors . In one plot planted one rod , part of the stem that is sticking leaves on the beds . In each of 2 rows of beds planted with a distance of approximately 30 cm . For an area of 1 ha takes approximately 36,000 seedling stem cuttings . Sweet potato planting in dry land is usually done at the beginning of the rainy season (October ) , or the beginning of the dry season (March ) when normal weather conditions . Dilahan rice fields , planting the most appropriate time is immediately after rice or rice rendengan gadu , ie at the beginning of the dry season .
4 . Maintenance of Plant
Thinning and Stitching
During the three (3 ) weeks after planting , planting sweet potatoes should be observed continuously , especially seedlings are dead or grow abnormally . Seedlings that die must be embroidered . How to embroider is to unplug the seedlings that died , then replaced with new seedlings , with a third of the base of the cuttings planted under the soil . Replanting should be done in the morning or late afternoon , when the sun is not too hot and the air temperature is not too hot . Seeds ( cuttings ) for replanting previously prepared or planted in the shade .
Weeding
In the cropping system without straw mulching , planting yams land usually overgrown with weeds easily ( weeds ) . Weeds is a competitor of the sweet potato crop , especially in fulfilling the need for water , nutrients , and light matahaari . Therefore , weeds must be weeded . Jointly carried out weeding activities pembumbunan , the loose soil mound , then ditimbunkan on the mound .
Weeding and soil pembubunan usually performed at the age of 1 month after planting , then repeated 2 months after planting . Weeding and pembumbunan ordinance includes the following stages :
- Clean up weeds ( weeds ) with kored or hoe carefully so as not to damage the roots of the sweet potato crop .
- Gemburkan mound soil around the mound by cutting the slope , then lowered into the canal land between ridges .
- Timbunkan returning land to its original mound , and then do the watering until the soil is wet .
Fertilization
Nutrients are carried or transported at the time of harvest sweet potato is high enough , which is composed of 70 kg N ( ± 156 kg urea ) , 20 kg P2O5 ( ± 42 kg TSP ) , and 110 kg K2O ( ± 220 kg KCl ) per hectare on rate of 15 tons of potatoes soggy . Fertilization aimed replace nutrients transported during harvest , increase soil fertility , and provide nutrients for plants . Proper dose of fertilizer should be based on the analysis of soil or plants in the local area . The recommended dose of fertilizer in general is 45 - 90kg N / ha ( 100-200 kg urea / ha ) plus 25 kg P2O5 per ha ( ± 50 kg TSP / ha ) plus 50 kg K2O / ha ( ± 100 kg KCl / ha ) . Fertilization can be done with a bolt system ( groove ) and drill system . Fertilization with bolt system originally created the array ( grooves ) along the ridges small extent from plant stems 7-10 cm , 5-7 cm deep , then spread the fertilizer evenly into the bolt while covered with earth .
Irrigation and Watering
Although the sweet potato plants resistant to drought , the early phase of growth requires adequate soil water availability . After planting , the soil or place mounds of sweet potato crop should be irrigated , for 15-30 minutes until the soil is wet , and the water flowed throughout the exile . Next irrigation is needed continuously until the sweet potato plants aged 1-2 months . In the period of the formation and development of the potato , which is the age of 2-3 weeks before harvest , irrigation is reduced or stopped . The best watering time is in the morning or evening . Water sources in the area are adequate , continuous irrigation can be done once a week . It is important to be considered in irrigation activities is to avoid that the soil is not too wet ( water from ) .
PEST AND DISEASE
1 . Sweet Potato Stem Borer
Stadium pests that damage crops are sweet potato larvae ( caterpillars ) . Character is making a small hole elongated ( matches ) in the trunk up to the potatoes . Inside the hole can be found larvae ( caterpillars ) . Symptoms : swelling of stems , some brittle stems , the leaves wither , and eventually the branches of the plant will die . Control : ( 1 ) crop rotation to break pest cycles or cycles , (2 ) observations on the stage of life of young plants against pest attack symptoms : when pests > 5 % , is necessary to control chemically , (3 ) cutting and destruction of plant parts heavily infected ; ( 4 ) spraying insecticides and sangkil mangkus , such Curacron Matador 500 EC or 25 with the recommended concentration .
2 . Boleng pests or Lanas
The adult insect pest ( Cylas formicarius Fabr . ) In the form of a small beetle wing and blue muzzle , but toraknya red . Adult female beetles living on the leaf surface while laying eggs in a protected area ( shaded ) . The eggs hatch into larvae ( caterpillars ) , then caterpillars will create a hoist ( small holes ) on the stems or tubers contained in the open ground . Symptoms : There are small holes hoist former dirt -covered by green and foul-smelling . This pest usually attacks plants that are sweet potato berubi . When pests carried by potato into the storehouse, often damaging the potatoes until lowering the quantity and quality of production significantly . Control : ( 1 ) rotation or crop rotation with crops that are not sefamili with sweet potatoes , for example, rice - rice - sweet potato , (2 ) pembumbunan or hoarding mounds which cover yam open , (3 ) the taking and destruction of the potato pests quite heavy , (4 ) observation / monitoring of crop pests in sweet potato periodically : when discovered attack rate > 5 % , immediate chemical pest control measures ; ( 5 ) spraying insecticides and sangkil mangkus , such as Decis 2.5 EC or monitor 200 LC with the recommended concentration , (6 ) the type of planting sweet potato crusted thick and gummy lot , (7 ) harvest is not too late to mitigate the damage is more severe .
3 . Rats ( Rattus rattus sp )
Rat pest usually attacks the sweet potato plants are quite old age or already on the stage of forming tubers . This pest attacks the potato by potato gnaw and eat meat to be irregularly broken . Rat bites lead to infection of the potato and sometimes followed by symptoms of decay potatoes . Control : ( 1 ) system gerepyokan to catch a mouse and instantly killed ; ( 2 ) weeding done my best to not a lot around the rat's nest of sweet potato , (3 ) installation of poisoned bait , such as Ramortal or Klerat .
Disease
1 . Scabies or Scab
Cause : The fungus Elsinoe batatas . Symptoms : a lump in sereta stalk leaf veins , and wrinkled leaves like crackers . Levels of heavy attack causing leaf photosynthesis is not productive in doing so the results do not produce potatoes decreased even at all . Control : ( 1 ) rotation / crop rotation to break the life cycle of the disease , (2 ) planting resistant varieties of sweet potato scab disease , such as power and swept away ; ( 3 ) culture of intensive cultivation techniques , (4 ) the use of plant material ( seeds ) healthy .
2 . fusarium wilt
Cause: The fungus Fusarium oxysporum f . batatas . Symptoms : plants look limp , leaf vein yellowing , wilting , and eventually die . Fusarium fungus can survive in the soil for several years . Disease transmission can occur through land , air , water , and carried by seeds . Control : ( 1 ) the use of healthy seedlings ( disease-free ) , (2 ) rotation / crop rotation matching in an area with plants that are not family , (3 ) planting species or varieties of sweet potatoes that are resistant to Fusarium diseases .
3 . virus
Some types of viruses are found attacking crops are sweet potato Internal Cork , chlorotic Leaf Spot , Yellow Dwarf . Symptoms : stem and leaf growth is not normal , the size of a small plant with a layout leaves clustered at the top , and the color of leaf chlorosis or chartreuse . At the level of the severe attack , sweet potato plants do not produce . Control : ( 1 ) the use of healthy seedlings and virus -free , (2 ) rotation / rotation crop for several years , especially in the base region ( endemic ) virus , (3 ) demolition / eradication of crops to be destroyed .
HARVEST
Characteristics and Harvest
Sweet potato plants can be harvested when the old potato - yam ( physiologically mature ) . Physical characteristics of a mature sweet potato , among others : if the content of the flour is maximum , characterized by a low fiber content and when boiled ( steamed ) tastes good and not watery . Sweet potato harvest timing based on the age of the plant . Type or short-lived sweet potato varieties ( early maturing ) harvested at 3-3.5 months , whereas long-lived varieties ( in ) during 4.5-5 months old . The ideal harvest sweet potatoes began at the age of 3 months , with delays at the latest until the age of 4 months . Harvest more than 4 months of age , in addition to the risk of pest attack Boleng high enough , nor will it give rise in potato results .
How to Harvest
The procedure for harvesting sweet potatoes through the following steps :
- Determine the sweet potato crop was ready for harvest .
- Cut ( Cut ) sweet potato stems by using a machete or a scythe , then removed to the bars outside the plot as he collected .
- Dig up the mounds with a hoe - yam yam unfold .
- Collect and pack sweet potatoes somewhere collecting .
- Clean the tubers from the soil or dirt and roots still attached .
- Make a selection and sorting potatoes by size and small yam separately and potato skin color is uniform . Separate from the intact potato tubers injured or attacked by pests or diseases .
- Put it in a container or burlap sacks , then transport to a shelter ( collection ) results .
Production forecasts
Sweet potato plants are growing well and have no means of pest attack ( by weight ) can produce more than 25 tons of potatoes per hectare wet . Yielding varieties such as Borobudur can produce 25 tons , 28 tons of Prambanan , and Kalasan between 31.2 to 47.5 tonnes per hectare .
Postharvest
Sorting and Classification
Selection or sorting sweet potatoes can actually be done at the time of the revocation takes place . But sorting sweet potatoes can be done after all the trees removed and stored in a place . Sorting is done to choose a colored bulb clean look of the fresh tuber skin and the defect is especially noticeable on the size of the bulb and the black spots / garisgaris the tuber flesh .
Storage
Postharvest handling of sweet potatoes are usually intended to maintain shelf life . Potato storage is best done in sand or ash . Procedures for storage of sweet potato in the sand or ash are as follows :
- Wind -wind newly harvested potatoes in a dry place for 2-3 days story .
- Prepare a special room storage or warehouse , dry , cool , and good air circulation .
- Pile potatoes on the warehouse floor , then piled with dry sand or ash as thick as 20-30 cm until all surfaces are covered potato .
This storage method can maintain the shelf life of potatoes up to 5 months . Sweet potatoes are experiencing storage process will usually result in a sweet potato flavor and delicious when compared with freshly harvested potatoes .
Important thing to do in storage sweet potato sweet potatoes are doing a good election , nothing broken or wounded , and the place ( space ) low temperature storage between 27-30 ° C ( room temperature ) with humidity between 85-90 % .
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